One man's hero is another man's tyrant, a popular aphorism goes.But while we can argue the validity and virtue of certain political agendas, the callous methods by which some leaders attain their goals are less up to interpretation.After all, no matter how a historian tries to spin it, ordering a tower to be constructed out of live men stacked and cemented together with bricks and mortar is pretty brutal.Business Insider put together a list of the most ruthless leaders of all time featuring men and women who employedmercilesstacticsto achieve their political and military agendas.Note: All people on the list ruled prior to 1980, and no living figures were included. People are arranged in chronological order. Qin Shi HuangReign: 247-210 B.C.Qin, also called Qin Shihuangdi,united China in 221 B.C. and ruled as the first emperor of the Qin dynasty. He was known to order the killing of scholars whose ideas he disagreed with and the burning of "critical" books.During his reign, he ordered the construction of a great wall (roughly speaking,the prequelto the modern Great Wall of China), and an enormous mausoleum featuring more than 6,000 life-size terra-cotta soldier figures. Large numbers of conscripts working on the walldied,and those working on the mausoleum were killed to preserve the secrecy of the tomb."Every time he captured people from another country, he castrated them in order to mark them and made them into slaves,"Hong Kong University's Xun Zhou told the BBC.Source: British Museum, Britannica, History, BBCGaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (aka Caligula)Reign:A.D. 37-41Caligula was quite popular at first becausehe freed citizens who were unjustly imprisoned and got rid of a stiff sales tax. But then he became ill, and he was never quite the same again.He eliminated political rivals (forcingtheir parents to watch the execution), and declared himself a living god. According to Roman historian Suetonius, Caligula had sex with his sisters and sold their services to other men, raped and killed people, and made his horse a priest.He was eventually attacked by a group of guardsman and stabbed 30 times.Source: Biography.com, BBC, "Atlas of History's Greatest Heroes and Villains" by Howard Watson.Attila the HunReign:A.D. 434-453After killinghis brother, Attila becamethe leader of the Hunnic Empire, centered in present-day Hungary, and ended up becomingone of the most fearedassailants of the Roman Empire. He expanded the Hunnic Empiretopresent-day Germany, Russia, Ukraine, and the Balkans. He also invaded Gaul with the intention of conquering it, though he was defeated at the Battle of Catalaunian Plains."There, where I have passed, the grass will never grow gain," he reportedly remarked on his reign.Source: Britannica, BiographySee the rest of the story at Business Insider
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