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The high-fat diet keto diet is beloved by everyone from Silicon Valley tech workers to LeBron James ' here's how it works

Published by Business Insider on Wed, 02 Jan 2019


The keto diet is one of the trendiest diets aroundand an eating plan that many people have resolved to try in 2019.The regimen kicks the body into a natural fat-burning mode called ketosis by starving a person's system of carbs and sugars, which are typically the first fuels we burn.Some people say that being in ketosis helps them focus and decreases their appetite, while trimming belly fat.But more research is needed on the long-term effects of the high-fat diet, and anyone who wants to go keto should consult their physician first.Dieters from Silicon Valley to the Hollywood hills are convinced that the keto diet is a miracle for the body.The high-fat regimen has become the go-to eating plan for celebrities like Halle Berry and the Kardashians, Silicon Valley tech workers, venture capitalists, and sports stars likeLeBron James. Fans of the diet believe it can help burn belly fat, tamp down on hunger, and increase energy, all while encouraging consumption of fatty and oily foods.The keto diet is designed to get the body into a natural fat-burning state called ketosis. Its the same process that happens when people starve. In ketosis, the body switches from its default modeburning carbs and sugars for fuel firstand begins breaking down fatty acids.Entering ketosis usually takes at least a few days. Dr. Priyanka Wali previously told Business Insider that most people use up leftover glycogen stores in about five days, and experts agree it takes at least one to three months to see and feel the benefits of the restrictive plan.The keto diet wasn't originally developed for weight loss. Physicians started prescribing the diet in the 1920s to help with tough-to-control epileptic seizures that werent responsive to other drugs. The diet can significantly reduce the instance of seizures in children, and in some cases, stops them completely. It can also helpcontrol blood glucose levelsin adults with Type 2 diabetes.Read more: Silicon Valley's favorite diet can lead to kidney troublehere's how to go keto without getting sickMany keto fans who don't have epilepsy or diabetes report feeling sharper and more energetic on the diet. Some competitive athletes are also convinced that following a keto plan helps them perform. Ultra-marathoner Zach Bitter, the world record holder for the longest distance run in 12 hours, has said that going keto helped him achieve record-breaking athletic performances.The US military's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) also poured $10 million into developing a ketone-ester drink that generates energy from ketones, with the intention of one day giving it to soldiers. The drink is on the market now for performance athletes. But research on the keto diet for athletes is still mixed: some studies suggest that relying on fat can hurt an athletes performance.Large-scale studies are needed to know for sure.Keto by the numbersOne of the trickiest things about the keto diet is the careful counting it requires.Dietitian Kristin Kirkpatrick at the Cleveland Clinic suggests people going keto should get 70% to 80% of their calories from fat, and less than 10% from carbohydrates. To that end, most keto dieters try to keep daily carb intake between 20 to 50 grams.Considering there are roughly 6 grams of carbohydrates in one medium-sized carrot or a serving of plain Greek yogurt, keto meal planning requires forethought. Its not as simple as swapping morning toast for a few strips of bacon.Since going keto can get complicated, one Redditor even created a keto food pyramid that he encourages people on the diet to print out and put on their fridge.Heres what's safe to eat on the keto dietMeat (pretty much any kind, including poultry and red meat.)Fish.Leafy greens.Eggs, including the yolks.Cheese.Oils, especially those containing healthy mono and polyunsaturated fats (like olive oil). This is critical because relying too much on more saturated fats from dairy and meat can cause digestion issues and hurt your heart.Avocados, another great source of monounsaturated fats.Nuts and seeds.Cauliflower: Theveggie is low in carbs and high in dietary fiber, so many keto dieters use it as a substitute for bread, pasta, and crusts.Berries, especially blackberries and raspberries.Heavy cream.Lots of water and other unsweetened drinks to stay hydrated. Tea and coffee are both fine.Perhaps even dark chocolate: Most people suggest sticking to cacao concentrations higher than 70% to 80%, since lower concentrations are too carb-heavy.What to avoid on the keto dietSugar. (Duh.)Other carbohydrates like bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, and wheat-based flour. (There's one big caveat to this rule, however, which we'll dive into below.)Anything made with corn, especially high fructose corn syrup and other sweeteners.Legumes like chickpeas and beans of all kinds. These nutrient-rich foods are high in protein and fiber, but the idea with ketosis is to rely more on fat. Many keto dieters limit their protein intake to around 10% to 15% of a day's calories, which means that a single cup of black beans could put you in range of a daily limit. Besides, that cup of black beans also has a hefty dose of carbs.Most fruits. A single apple could put you over your carb count for the entire day.Milk. A cup of whole milk has 12 grams of carbs, while the same amount of whipping cream has less than eight.While it might seem tough to limit carbohydrate intake this strictly, there's one important loophole to keep in mind.Because some carbs come from dietary fiber, which the body doesnt break down and absorb, keto dieters can subtract those from their daily count.The resulting number is called net carbs, and it's a better measure of how many carbohydrates you're ingesting. For example, while a carrot may have 6 grams of carbs, about 1.7 of them are dietary fiber, so the net carb intake from the carrot is just over 4 grams. Similarly, more than 75% of the carbs in spinach are fiber, making it a relatively safe choice for keto-ers. Kirkpatrick suggests dieters limit their net carb intake to 25 grams a day.Like any restrictive diet, its hard to get a balanced plate of all the vitamins and minerals your body needs to stay healthy on a keto plan. The diet is also not recommended for pregnant women, people with liver and kidney problems, or anyone prone to gout.Whatever your weight-loss or dieting goals may be, its essential to talk with a professional dietitian or doctor before going keto.SEE ALSO:Silicon Valley's favorite diet can lead to kidney trouble ' here's how to go keto without getting sickJoin the conversation about this storyNOW WATCH: The extreme dieting regimen that self-help guru Tim Ferriss uses to stay lean
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