The death of a 22-year-old Chinese tech employee shows the industry's toxic '996' work culture, championed by top execs like Jack Ma

<p><img src="https://static5.businessinsider.com/image/5ff45b3f6056b60018721eb5-2000/GettyImages-1008174020.jpg" border="0" alt="SHANGHAI, CHINA - JULY 26: Pinduoduo users attend the company's listing ceremony at Shanghai Tower on July 26, 2018 in Shanghai, China. Chinese online group discounter Pinduoduo Inc. (PDD) was listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market on Thursday. (Photo by Yin Liqin/China News Service/Visual China Group via Getty Images)" data-mce-source="Yin Liqin/China News Service/Visual China Group via Getty Images" data-mce-caption="Pinduoduo users attend the company's listing ceremony at Shanghai Tower on July 26, 2018 in Shanghai."></p><p></p><bi-shortcode id="summary-shortcode" data-type="summary-shortcode" class="mceNonEditable" contenteditable="false">Summary List Placement</bi-shortcode><p>At 1:30 a.m. on December 29, a 22-year-old woman was walking home from work on the outskirts of Urumqi, the capital city of China's Xinjiang region, when colleagues saw her grab her stomach and fall to the sidewalk.</p><p>Paramedics spent six hours trying to revive her, but it was in vain. She died six hours later in the hospital, according to <a href="https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3116385/death-22-year-old-pinduoduo-employee-renews-controversy-over-chinas">the South China Morning Post</a>.</p><p>The woman, identified only by the last name Zhang, had been an employee of Pinduoduo, one of the largest e-commerce companies in China and the world.&nbsp;</p><p>Zahng was six months into a job at Pinduoduo, and has been hailed as the latest victim of what is known&nbsp;as the "996" work culture plaguing China's tech industry.</p><p>Under "996," early-career tech employees are encouragedand expectedto work gruelling shifts from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., plus overtime, for six days a week.</p><p>The regimen has been <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jack-ma-defends-his-996-workweek-but-productivity-experts-disagree-2019-4">praised by top Chinese executives</a> including Alibaba founder Jack Ma and JD.com founder Richard Liu Qiangdon, but has been slammed <a href="https://www.scmp.com/tech/start-ups/article/3005947/quantity-or-quality-chinas-996-work-culture-comes-under-scrutiny">with equal vigor by activists and employees</a>.</p><p>Ma, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/inspiring-life-story-of-alibaba-founder-jack-ma-2017-2">who came from nothing</a> and became China's richest man, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/15/alibabas-jack-ma-working-overtime-is-a-huge-blessing.html">said</a> in April 2019 it was a "huge blessing" to work overtime and 72-hour weeks as a young employee.</p><p>Over the weekend, a hashtag used to mark Zhang's death and identify her as a victim of "996" had garnered millions of views on Weibo, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-04/pinduoduo-worker-s-death-renews-scrutiny-of-996-work-culture">Bloomberg reported</a>.</p><p>In its Monday statement, Pinduoduo did not give a cause of death for Zhang, the South China Morning Post reported.</p><p>Her death is widely believed to have been caused by overwork, and the woman's family has reportedly declined the offer of a post-mortem examination.</p><p><img src="https://static5.businessinsider.com/image/5ff453c73793140019e28562-2400/2019-11-01t050427z_2_lynxmpefa026b_rtroptp_4_china-retail.jpg" border="0" alt="FILE PHOTO: People are seen at their desks at the headquarters of Chinese online group discounter Pinduoduo in Shanghai, China July 25, 2018. REUTERS/Stringer " data-mce-source="Reuters" data-mce-caption="People are seen at their desks at the headquarters of Chinese online group discounter Pinduoduo in Shanghai"></p><h2>'Sacrificing our health in exchange for a paycheck'</h2><p>Pinduoduo is also in hot water for comments made by one of its official online accounts earlier this week under a post about Zhang's death, <a href="https://www.shine.cn/biz/tech/2101042698/">according to Shine</a>, an affiliate of the&nbsp;state-owned Shanghai Daily newspaper.</p><p>"All of us grassroots people are sacrificing our health in exchange for a paycheck," the verified Pinduoduo account commented on the web forum Zhihu.</p><p>The post was deleted shortly after, but not before it had spread on social media.&nbsp;</p><p>On Sunday, Pinduoduo apologized for the post, and blamed a contractor named Li who was working for the company.</p><p>"We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience to the public and we strongly object to the views expressed in the post. This does not reflect our official stance on this heartbreaking matter," the statement said.</p><p>The rise of "996" has been met with little official resistance in China, with authorities dragging their feet in acknowledging the problem.</p><p>However, as a result of the backlash over Zhang's death, the Shanghai Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau said it would send an investigative team to Pinduoduo to examine the company's work practices, the Post reported.</p><p>While Zhang died in Xinjiang, Pinduoduo is headquartered in Shanghai.</p><p><img src="https://static1.businessinsider.com/image/5ff457e43793140019e28568-2000/GettyImages-877041208.jpg" border="0" alt="jack ma" data-mce-source="ANTHONY WALLACE/AFP via Getty Images" data-mce-caption="Alibaba Group Executive Chairman Jack Ma gestures during the JUMPSTARTER 2017 Grand Finale in Hong Kong on November 21, 2017."></p><h2>'996' has long plagued China's tech workers</h2><p>A number of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tech-workers-in-chinas-silicon-valley-face-burnout-before-30-2019-3">other Chinese tech giants have been implicated</a> in encouraging "996."</p><p>"We spend most of our weekends in the office," a employee of Tencent wrote to a senior executive at the company, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/long-days-a-staple-at-chinese-tech-firms-1487787775">according to The Wall Street Journal</a>.</p><p>"Our bodies have been in overloaded conditions for an extended period of time."</p><p>In early 2019, Chinese tech workers <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rare-overtime-protest-by-china-tech-workers-goes-viral-2019-4">protested the "996" workweek</a> on the code-hosting site GitHub, where they outed companies, like Alibaba, that had cultures of excessive overtime.</p><p>Marlon Mai, a Shanghai-based managing director at the recruitment consultancy Morgan McKinley, told Bloomberg: "Chinese internet companies should think beyond reaching unicorn status and IPOs and a steady, healthy corporate culture is a must for long-term growth."&nbsp;</p><p>"Employee health is an issue that can't be ignored."</p><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jack-ma-defends-his-996-workweek-but-productivity-experts-disagree-2019-4" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">While CEOs like Jack Ma and Elon Musk praise grueling job schedules, employees around the world are demanding shorter workweeks</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jack-ma-other-chinese-businessmen-disappeared-public-life-2021-1" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">Billionaire Jack Ma hasn't been seen in 2 months. Here's what happened to other Chinese businessmen who mysteriously disappeared after sparring with regulators.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/karoshi-how-overwork-in-japan-killed-miwa-sado-and-hundreds-like-her-2017-10" data-read-more-link="" data-e2e-name="read-more-link">Japan's toxic culture of overwork drove this 31-year-old woman to deathand it looks like there's no end in sight</a></li></ul><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-pinduoduo-employee-death-toxic-tech-industry-996-work-culture-2021-1#comments">Join the conversation about this story &#187;</a></p>
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