<b>Different views on the day and month of Prophet Muhammads birth</b><br><br>The biographers and historians differed concerning the day and month of the birth of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). This is something for which there is good reason, as it was not known what status this newborn would achieve; his situation was like that of any other newborn. Hence no one can state with certainty the date of his birth (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). <br><br><b>Different views on defining the month and the day of the month of Prophet Muhammads birth</b><br>With regard to the point on which there is scholarly disagreement, that has to do with defining the month and the day of the month. We have come across many opinions concerning that, including the following: <br><br>1. That he was born on 2nd Rabeeal-Awwal.<br><br>Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said: <br><br>It was said that he was born on the second of the month. This was stated by Ibn Abd al-Barr in al-Isti'ab, and was narrated by al-Waqidi from Abu Mashar Nujayh ibn Abd ar-Rahman al-Madani. (As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah, 1/199)<br><br>2. It was said that he was born on 8th Rabee al-Awwal.<br><br>Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said: <br><br>It was said that he was born on the eighth of the month. This was narrated by al-Humaydi from Ibn Hazm, and was narrated by Malik, Aqeel, Yunus ibn Yazeed and others from az-Zuhri from Muhammad ibn Jubayr ibn Mutim. Ibn Abd al-Barr narrated that the historians regarded it as sahih; it was stated definitively by al-Hafiz al-Kabeer Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khawarizmi, and was regarded as most likely to be correct by al-Hafiz Abul-Khattan ibn Dihyah in his book at-Tanweer fi Mawlid al-Basheer an-Nadheer. (As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah, 1/199) <br><br>3. It was said that he was born on 10th Rabeeal-Awwal.<br><br>Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said: <br><br>It was said that he was born on the tenth of the month. This was narrated by Ibn Dihyah in his book, and was narrated by Ibn Asakir from Abu Jafar al-Baqir. It was also narrated by Mujalid from ash-Shabi. (As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah, 1/199)<br><br>4. It was said that he was born on 12th Rabeeal-Awwal.<br><br>Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said: <br><br>It was said that he was born on the twelfth of the month. This was stated by Ibn Ishaq. It was narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah in his Musannaf from Affan from Saeed ibn Mina that Jabir and Ibn Abbas said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) was born in the Year of the Elephant on Monday 12 th Rabee al-Awwal; on Monday his mission began, on Monday he was taken up to heaven, on Monday he migrated, and on Monday he died.<br><br>This is the well-known opinion according to the majority. And Allah knows best. (As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah, 1/199) <br><br>It was also said that he was born in Ramadan or in Safar or some other month. <br><br>What appears to us to be the case is that the strongest opinion concerning the birth of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) is that he was born between the eighth and the twelfth of Rabee al-Awwal. Some Muslim mathematicians and astronomers have determined that the Monday in question was the ninth of Rabee al-Awwal. It may be that this is another opinion, and it has some merit. That corresponds to 20th April 571 CE. This is what the authors of some modern books on Seerah (Prophets biography) regard as most likely to be correct, including Professor Muhammad al-Khudari and Safi ar-Rahman al-Mubarakfuri. <br><br>Abul-Qasim as-Suhayli (may Allah have mercy on him) said: <br><br>The mathematicians say that his birth occurred in the solar month of April, on the twentieth of that month. (Ar-Rawd al-Unuf, 1/282) <br><br>Prof. Muhammad al-Khudari (may Allah have mercy on him) said: <br><br>The Egyptian astronomer Mahmoud Basha (d. 1885 CE) who was well-versed in astronomy, geography and mathematics, and wrote several books based on his research stated that it was on the morning of Monday 9th Rabee al-Awwal, which corresponds to 20th April 571 CE. That corresponds to the first year following the elephant incident. He was born in the house of Abu Talib in Shiab Banu Hashim. (Nur al-Yaqeen fi Seerat Sayyid al-Mursaleen (p. 9). See also ar-Raheeq al-Makhtum, p. 41)<br><br><b>Date of the death of our Prophet Muhammad</b><br>With regard to the date of the death of our Prophet Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), there is no difference of opinion concerning the fact that it occurred on a Monday. The report narrated from Ibn Qutaybah, saying that it occurred on a Wednesday, is not correct. Perhaps what he meant is that the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) was buried on Wednesday, which is correct. <br><br>With regard to the year of his death, there is no difference of opinion concerning the fact that it was in 11 AH. <br><br>With regard to the month of his death, there is no difference of opinion concerning the fact that it was in Rabee al-Awwal. <br><br><b>Different views on the date of Prophet Muhammads death in Rabee` al-Awwal</b><br>With regard to the date of his death in that month, there is a difference of opinion among the scholars. <br><br>1. The majority are of the view that it occurred on 12th Rabee al-Awwal.<br><br>2. al-Khawarizmi was of the view that it occurred on 1st Rabee al-Awwal.<br><br>3. Ibn al-Kalbi and Abu Makhnaf were of the view that it occurred on 2nd Rabee al-Awwal. As-Suhayli was inclined to favour this view and al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allah have mercy on him) regarded it as most likely to be correct.<br><br>The most well-known view is that of the majority, which is that the death of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) occurred on 12th Rabee al-Awwal 11 AH.<br><br><br>May peace and blessings of Allah be upon the noble soul of the holy Prophet Muhammad, his households and companions<br><br><b>References</b><br><br>Ar-Rawd al-Unuf by as-Suhayli, 4:439-440.<br><br>As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah by Ibn Kathir, 4:509.<br><br>Fath al-Bari by Ibn Hajar, 8:130. <br><br>And Allah knows best.<br><br><a rel=ugc href="https://islamqa.info/en/answers/147601/what-is-the-date-of-prophet-muhammads-birth-and-death">IslamQA</a>
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